The monolithic module design is a suitable solution to upscale the lateral dimensions of perovskite solar cells. The device's active area is divided into smaller cells with an interconnection gap. The narrower the subcell, the lower the resistance of each subcell with consequent improvement of the FF. However, the interconnecting gap between each subcell is an inactive area, that reduces the total efficiency of the module. The interconnection is composed of lines P1, P2, and P3, which respectively separate the TCO, the photoactive layer, and the top contact between consecutive subcells.

We used the simulation software Laoss to optimize a perovskite photovoltaic minimodule. This procedure can replace the standard experimental trial-and-error approach that is commonly used to upscale perovskite solar cells.

Check the full tutorial here: https://www.fluxim.com/perovskite-solar-cell-upscaling-prevision